The Republic of Cameroon is situated in central and western Africa. Its neighbours are Nigeria to the west; Chad to the northeast; the Central African Republic to the east; and Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, and the Republic of the Congo to the south. The capital is Yaoundé (3 52 N, 11 31 E). It has a mixture of British and French education systems.
HISTORY:- The Pygmy people were the original dwellers of Cameroon. In 1472, Portugal reached the land for trading purpose. In the 19th century, Fulani people declared a jihad against the non-Muslims and set up the Adamawa Emirate. In 1884, Germany colonized the country as the colony of Kamerun in 1884. After Germany’s defeat in the World War I, League of Nations imposed a French mandate over 80% and a British mandate over 20% of the country in 1919. In 1946, these mandates were transformed into United Nations Trusteeships. A guerrilla war broke out in the French Cameroun after banning the Union des Populations du Cameroun, a political party in 1955. In 1960, French Cameroun gained freedom from France with the Ahmadou Ahidjo as President. In 1961, the British Southern Cameroons joined Federal Republic of Cameroon, while the northern British Cameroons preferred joining Nigeria.
GEOGRAPHY:- Cameroon is located at 6 00 N, 12 00 E in western Africa. Cameroon has 469,440 sq km land area and 6,000 sq km water area. The coastline is 402 km long along with the Bight of Biafra in the southwest corner of the country. The lowest point is located at the Atlantic Ocean (0 m). The highest point, located on Mt. Cameroon, Fako (4,095 m) is the highest peak in West Africa and the sixth in Africa. Diversifying landscapes are noticed in the country. The southwest region is formed of coastal plain, the central part is dissected plateau, the western part is mountainous, the northern part is formed of plains. Ntem, Nyong, Sanaga, and Wouri are the main rivers.
CLIMATE:- Climate differs with elevation and terrain in Cameroon. It varies from tropical climate along the coasts to semiarid and hot climate in the north.
GOVERNMENT:- Cameroon is a republic country under multiparty presidential regime. The constitution was approved on 20th May 1972 and was adopted on 2nd June 1972. The legal system is based on French civil law with common law intervention. The government responsibilities are handled by the three branches:
Executive branch consists of the President (chief of state), the Prime Minister (head of government), and cabinet. Cabinet ministers are appointed by the President with the nomination of the Prime minister.
Legislative branch consists of the unicameral National Assembly (180 seats).
Judicial branch consists of the Supreme Court and High Court of Justice. The Supreme Court judges are appointed by the President and the nine judges and six substitute judges of High Court of Justice are elected by the National Assembly.
The prominent political party is Cameroon People's Democratic Movement. Major opposition parties are the Social Democratic Front, the National Union for Democracy and Progress, and the Cameroon Democratic Union. Suffrage is universal above 20.
Executive branch consists of the President (chief of state), the Prime Minister (head of government), and cabinet. Cabinet ministers are appointed by the President with the nomination of the Prime minister.
Legislative branch consists of the unicameral National Assembly (180 seats).
Judicial branch consists of the Supreme Court and High Court of Justice. The Supreme Court judges are appointed by the President and the nine judges and six substitute judges of High Court of Justice are elected by the National Assembly.
The prominent political party is Cameroon People's Democratic Movement. Major opposition parties are the Social Democratic Front, the National Union for Democracy and Progress, and the Cameroon Democratic Union. Suffrage is universal above 20.
President Paul Biya
Prime Minister Ephraïm Inoni
Prime Minister Ephraïm Inoni
ADMINISTRATIVE DIVISIONS:- Cameroon is divided into 10 provinces:
Adamaoua, Centre, Est, Extreme-Nord, Littoral, Nord, Nord-Ouest, Ouest, Sud, Sud-Ouest.
Adamaoua, Centre, Est, Extreme-Nord, Littoral, Nord, Nord-Ouest, Ouest, Sud, Sud-Ouest.
CULTURE:- Cameroon is called Africa in miniature. Music and dance are the two keys of Cameroonian cultural ceremonies, and festivals. Songs are accompanied by bells worn by dancers, clappers, drums and talking drums, flutes, horns, rattles, scrapers, stringed instruments, whistles, and xylophones with clapping hands and stomping feet. Ambasse bey of the coast, assiko of the Bassa, mangambeu of the Bangangte, and tsamassi of the Bamileke are the popular genres of music. Influence of Nigerian music is also found. Manu Dibango, Francis Bebey, Moni Bilé, and Petit-Pays are the famous musicians. Cuisine varies in different places. Cameroonian pottery, ceramics, basket weaving, beadworking, brass and bronze working, calabash carving and painting, embroidery, and leather working are popular worldwide. Football is the most popular sport in Cameroon.
ECONOMY:- Cameroon has a per capita income among one of the top ten countries in sub-Saharan Africa.
GDP/PPP $42.2 billion (2006 est.); per capita $2,400.
GDP/PPP $42.2 billion (2006 est.); per capita $2,400.
Real growth rate: 4.1%.
Inflation: 2.4%.
Unemployment: 30% (2001 est.).
Arable land: 13%.
Agriculture: coffee, cocoa, cotton, rubber, bananas, oilseed, grains, root starches; livestock; timber.
Labor force: 6.394 million; agriculture 70%, industry and commerce 13%, other 17%.
Industries: petroleum production and refining, aluminum production, food processing, light consumer goods, textiles, lumber, ship repair.
Natural resources: petroleum, bauxite, iron ore, timber, hydropower.
Exports: $4.318 billion f.o.b. (2006 est.): crude oil and petroleum products, lumber, cocoa beans, aluminum, coffee, cotton.
Imports: $3.083 billion f.o.b. (2006 est.): machinery, electrical equipment, transport equipment, fuel, food.
Budget:
Revenues: $4.178 billion
Expenditures: $3.297 billion (2007 est.)
Revenues: $4.178 billion
Expenditures: $3.297 billion (2007 est.)
Public debt: 15.4% of GDP (2007 est.)
Debt - external: $2.555 billion (31 December 2007 est.)
Major trading partners: Spain, Italy, UK, France, U.S., South Korea, Netherlands, Nigeria, Belgium, China, Germany (2004).
Monetary unit: CFA Franc
LANGUAGE:- French, English are the official languages. There are 24 major African language groups are also found.
CITIES:- The capital is Yaoundé. The largest city is Douala. Other large cities are Garoua, Maroua, Bafoussam, Bamenda, Nkongsamba, and Ngaoundere.
POPULATION:- The estimated population of Cameroon is 18,060,382 with a growth rate of 2.2%.
Density per sq mi: 100
Literacy rate: 79% (2003 est.)
Density per sq mi: 100
Literacy rate: 79% (2003 est.)
RACE:-
Cameroon Highlanders 31%
Equatorial Bantu 19%
Kirdi 11%
Fulani 10%
Northwest Bantu 8%
Eastern Nigritic 7%
Other African 13%
Non-African less than 1%
Cameroon Highlanders 31%
Equatorial Bantu 19%
Kirdi 11%
Fulani 10%
Northwest Bantu 8%
Eastern Nigritic 7%
Other African 13%
Non-African less than 1%
RELIGION:-
Indigenous beliefs 40%
Christian 40%
Islam 20%
Indigenous beliefs 40%
Christian 40%
Islam 20%
HEALTH:-
Diseases: dengue, filariasis, leishmaniasis, malaria, meningitis, schistosomiasis, sleeping sickness.
Birth rate: 34.59 births/1,000 population (2008 est.)
Death rate: 12.41 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)
Infant mortality rate: total: 64.57 deaths/1,000 live births
Life expectancy at birth: total population: 53.3 years
HIV/AIDS - deaths: 49,000 (2003 est.)
Probability of dying under five (per 1 000 live births): 149
Total expenditure on health per capita (Intl $, 2005): 78
Diseases: dengue, filariasis, leishmaniasis, malaria, meningitis, schistosomiasis, sleeping sickness.
Birth rate: 34.59 births/1,000 population (2008 est.)
Death rate: 12.41 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)
Infant mortality rate: total: 64.57 deaths/1,000 live births
Life expectancy at birth: total population: 53.3 years
HIV/AIDS - deaths: 49,000 (2003 est.)
Probability of dying under five (per 1 000 live births): 149
Total expenditure on health per capita (Intl $, 2005): 78
UNICEF:- UNICEF have immunized Millions of children against polio, distributed 300,000 insecticide-treated bed nets, promoted 37 health facilities to fight childhood diseases. Anti-AIDS campaign- ‘Unite for Children Unite Against AIDS’ was launched, UNICEF helps campaigning against HIV in 80 youth-friendly centres. Prenatal care, immunization coverage, birth registration, pre-school enrolment and voluntary HIV testing are improved in Adamawa by UNICEF. UNICEF trains 1,500 teachers, gives 18,150 new textbooks and 550 school benches in ‘child-friendly/girl-friendly’ schools.
TRANSPORTATION:-
Railways: total: 987 km (2005).
Highways: total: 50,000 km (2004).
Waterways: navigation mainly on Benue River; (2004).
Ports and harbors: Douala, Limboh Terminal.
Airports: 47 (2004 est.).
Railways: total: 987 km (2005).
Highways: total: 50,000 km (2004).
Waterways: navigation mainly on Benue River; (2004).
Ports and harbors: Douala, Limboh Terminal.
Airports: 47 (2004 est.).
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